Perbedaan kebijakan pendidikan pesantren Nahdlatul Ulama dan Muhammadiyah
Abstract
This study aims to explore the differences in educational policies between Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah Islamic boarding schools as two models of Islamic education in Indonesia. A qualitative approach was used with literature study and in-depth interviews with educational figures from both institutions. The results show that NU emphasizes education based on classical Islamic texts, traditional approaches, and teacher-student relationships with a strong sufistic spirit. Meanwhile, Muhammadiyah is oriented towards a modern educational system, integrating religious and general sciences, and implementing education management according to a modern organization. Furthermore, the curriculum policies, teaching methods, and educational goals of the two institutions reflect different orientations; in which NU is more likely to focus on the formation of religious character through the mastery of classical Islamic knowledge, Muhammadiyah emphasizes the development of Muslim intellectual leaders who are adaptive to the times. The findings confirm the importance of understanding various approaches in Islamic education as a national education heritage.
Keywords
curriculum, educational policy, Islamic boarding schools, Islamic education, Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama
References
Akhsanudin, M. (2024). Kontekstualisi pemikiran Sayyed Hossein Nasr tentang pendidikan Islam. Afkaruna: International Journal of Islamic Studies (AIJIS), 2(1), 34–47. https://doi.org/10.38073/aijis.v2i1.1853
Arif, M., Dorloh, S., & Abdullah, S. (2024). A systematic literature review of Islamic boarding school (pesantren) education in Indonesia (2014-2024). Tribakti: Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman, 35(2), 161–180. https://doi.org/10.33367/tribakti.v35i2.5330
Arifianto, A. R. (2021). From ideological to political sectarianism: Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, and the state in Indonesia. Religion, State and Society, 49(2), 126–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2021.1902247
Bahruddin, M. (2017). Peran ulama Nahdlatul Ulama dalam menyiarkan paham keagamaan moderat di provinsi Lampung. Analisis: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 17(1), 43–64. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajsk.v17i1.1770
Fahruddin, M. (2025). Manajemen pendidikan karakter religius: Studi komparatif pesantren NU, Muhammadiyah, dan Hidayatullah. Peradaban Journal of Interdisciplinary Educational Research, 3(1), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.59001/pjier.v3i1.299
Faruqi, D. (2023). Perkembangan pesantren di Indonesia. Al-Wihdah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 1(1), 17–31.
Fatihunnada, F., Shafira, E. B., Afrita, J., Arifin, S. N., & Adhha, N. (2024). Membaca studi Islam di tengah keberagaman masyarakat (A. Humaira, Ed.). Penerbit Karya Bakti Makmur (KBM) Indonesia.
Fitri, R., & Ondeng, S. (2022). Pesantren di Indonesia: Lembaga pembentukan karakter. Al-Urwatul Wutsqa: Kajian Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 42–54.
Hajita, M. (2024). Paradigma integrasi agama dan sains dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Islam. TA’LIM : Jurnal Studi Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 265–289. https://doi.org/10.52166/talim.v7i2.6614
Halimah, S., Yusuf, A., & Safiudin, K. (2024). Pesantren education management: The transformation of religious learning culture in the age of disruption. Nidhomul Haq : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 9(3), 648–666. https://doi.org/10.31538/ndhq.v9i3.16
Hamami, T. (2021). Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama education: Two main pillars of national education in Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 18(2), 307–330. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.2021.182-06
Junaidi, R. A. A., Rama, B., & Yahdi, M. (2023). Lembaga pendidikan pesantren di Indonesia. Iqra: Jurnal Ilmu Kependidikan Dan Keislaman, 18(2), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.56338/iqra.v18i2.3771
Khalida, F. N., Ma’arif, K., Saripah, Gunawan, A., & Gufron, I. A. (2024). Kontribusi Nahdlatul Ulama terhadap pemikiran Islam moderat di Indonesia. Pendas : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 9(04), 326–341. https://doi.org/10.23969/jp.v9i04.19362
Marsudi, M. S., & Zayadi, Z. (2021). Gerakan progresif Muhammadiyah Dalam pembaharuan pendidikan Islam dan sosial keagamaan di Indonesia. Mawaizh : Jurnal Dakwah Dan Pengembangan Sosial Kemanusiaan, 12(2), 160–179. https://doi.org/10.32923/maw.v12i2.2035
Mujahid, I. (2021). Islamic orthodoxy-based character education: Creating moderate Muslim in a modern pesantren in Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 11(2), 185–212. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v11i2.185-212
Nasution, F., & Rahman, A. (2023). The modernization of Islamic education in Indonesia: Muhammadiyah philosophy. Proceeding International Conference On Islam, Law, And Society, 2(1). https://incoils.or.id/index.php/INCOILS/article/view/44
Ningsih, I. W., Basri, H., & Suhartini, A. (2023). History and development of pesantren in Indonesia. Jurnal Eduscience, 10(1), 340–356. https://doi.org/10.36987/jes.v10i1.3392
Soleh, M. I. (2024). Transformation of administration in modern Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren) in Indonesia. Journal of Education and Religious Studies, 4(02), 50–58. https://doi.org/10.57060/jers.v4i02.128
Taufikurrahman, T., & Sasmita, R. D. (2024). Islam dan pluralitas sosial keberagaman di Indonesia. Al-Allam: Jurnal Pendidikan, 5(2), 111–124. https://doi.org/10.35127/jurnalpendidikan.v5i2.7491
Tubagus, M., Haerudin, H., Fathurohman, A., Adiyono, A., & Aslan, A. (2023). The impact of technology on islamic pesantren education and the learning outcomes of santri: New trends and possibilities. Indonesian Journal of Education (INJOE), 3(3), 443–450.
Zulfirman, R., Andika, R. R., Zalnur, M., & Masyudi, F. (2024). Kontribusi Muhammadiyah dan Nahdlatul Ulama dalam perkembangan pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. TIPS: Jurnal Riset, Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial, 2(2), 81–87.
Zulian, P. B. (2022). The moderate path of Islamic legal thought: The case of Muhammadiyah in Indonesia. Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 3(5), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v3i5.164
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright
Copyright (c) 2025 Nur Wulandari Sunawir, Amril M
The author(s) retain full copyright of this work. The copyright holder grants the journal the right of first publication and the right to distribute the work under the terms of the selected open-access license.
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
All published content in Takuana: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sains, dan Humaniora is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY NC SA 4.0). This license allows others to share, copy, redistribute, and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, as long as proper credit is given to the original author(s) and source, and any derivative works are distributed under the same license.
Attribution must include a clear citation of the original work and a statement indicating whether any changes were made. Commercial use is not permitted under this license and there is no additional legal or technological restrictions may be applied. For more information about the license terms and permissible use, please refer to the full license text available here.
